Local Meta-Models for Optimization Using Evolution Strategies. 
         Kern, S., N. Hansen, P. Koumoutsakos 

Abstract. We employ local meta-models to enhance the efficiency of
  evolution strategies in the optimization of computationally
  expensive problems. The method involves the combination of second
  order local regression meta-models with the Covariance Matrix
  Adaptation Evolution Strategy. Experiments on benchmark problems
  demonstrate that the proposed meta-models have the potential to
  reliably account for the ranking of the offspring population
  resulting in significant computational savings. The results show
  that the use of local meta-models significantly increases the
  efficiency of already competitive evolution strategies.

In: Ninth International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from
Nature PPSN IX, Proceedings, pp.939-948, Berlin: Springer, 2006.